Geologists and consultant are enlisted to understand the characteristics of the land and seeking to discover mineral resource, and the socio-economic effects that a mine would have in the area also have to be considered. Usual methods applying in this stage include:
- •  Geological surface mapping and sampling
- •  Geophysical measurements
- •  Geochemical analysis
- •  Airborne or ground geophysical surveys reading Earth’s magnetic field, radiation and electrical conductivity underground
- •  Drilling and Sampling
After that, 2d or 3d models are used to work out a preliminary outline of the potential size of the geological ore.